A comprehensive sample of Kubanochoerinae collected from Middle Miocene Aka Aiteputh Formation in the Nachola area, northern Kenya, not only permits a revision of the suids from the deposits, but also prompts a new look at the phylogeny, biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeography of this subfamily of Suidae. There are three suid species at Nachola, all of them kubanochoeres (Kenyasus namaquensis, Libycochoerus jeanneli, Kubwachoerus (gen. nov.) marymuunguae) and, in addition, among the Suiformes there are abundant Sanitheriidae and a few anthracotheres. The associated fauna indicates correlation to Faunal Set PIIIb (Middle Miocene) and radio-isotopic dates on subjacent lavas (ca. 16 Ma) accord with such a correlation. The augmented sample of Kenyasus namaquensis removes doubts expressed in the literature about its affinities to kubanochoeres. A new genus and two new species are described, one a small species of Palaeochoerus from Namibia that is the likely ancestor of the Kubanochoerinae and the Namachoerinae, the other being a huge species of a new genus of kubanochoere from Kenya.

Introduction 7
Geological context and stratigraphy 8
Materials and Methods 9
Geological Time Scale and Biostratigraphy 10
Background to study 14
Brief history of study of Kubanochoerinae 14
Systematic Palaeontology 27
Order Artiodactyla Owen, 1848 27
Family Suidae Gray, 1821 27
Subfamily Palaeochoerinae Matthew, 1924 27
Genus Palaeochoerus Pomel 1847 27
Species Palaeochoerus australis nov 27
Subfamily Kubanochoerinae Gabunia, 1958 29
Genus Nguruwe Pickford, 1986 29
Species Nguruwe namibense (Pickford, 1986) 29
Species Nguruwe kijivium (Wilkinson, 1976) 29
Genus Kenyasus Pickford, 1986 30
Species Kenyasus namaquensis (Pickford & Senut, 1997) 34
Species Kenyasus anchidens (Van der Made, 1996a) 50
Species Kenyasus kirimunensis Pickford, 2007 51
Genus Libycochoerus Arambourg, 1961 53
Species Libycochoerus jeanneli (Arambourg, 1933) 53
Species Libycochoerus massai Arambourg, 1961 58
Genus Kubwachoerus gen. nov. 63
Species Kubwachoerus khinzikebirus (Wilkinson, 1976) 65
Species Kubwachoerus marymuunguae (Van der Made, 1996a) 71
Species Kubwachoerus nyakachensis nov. 83
Gigantic Suidae from the Arabian Peninsula 84
Giant suid from the Akisim Member, Napak, Uganda 85
Biostratigraphy 86
Body size and diet in Kubanochoerinae 86
Biostratigraphic correlations using Kubanochoerinae 87
Biogeography of Kubanochoerinae 88
Phylogeny of the Kubanochoerinae 91
Discussion 93
Conclusions 93
Acknowledgements 95
References 95
Annex I A possible Siderochoeridae or Schizoporcidae from Kenya 99
Annex II Literature on Kubanochoerinae arranged by taxon in chronological order 100
Annex III New suid fossils from the Sperrgebiet, Namibia 102