Since the publication on the small-bodied catarrhines of Napak, Uganda, by Pickford et al. (2010) 173 additional teeth have been recovered from localities in the Iriri, Napak and Akisim members, some of them in maxillae and mandibles. The diversity of small catarrhines at Napak is high, with at least ten species recognised, one of which is incertae sedis. The new collections fill out the fossil record of several of the inadequately known taxa, and indicate the possibility that there are additional poorly represented lineages present. The expanded dental sample of Micropithecus clarki now available from Napak, reveals that all the fossils from Kenya attributed to this species fall outside the range of metric variation of the Napak sample. A revision of the Kenyan small-bodied “ape” samples is needed to clarify their status, as it is also clear that several of the Kenyan taxa as currently understood, such as Kalepithecus songhorensis, are chimaera, their hypodigms being mixtures of remains from two or three taxa. This situation renders previous cladistic analyses of doubtful value. A partial revision of some of the Kenyan taxa is undertaken herein, but a general revision is beyond the scope of this paper, the aim being to focus on the Napak assemblage in order to make it accessible to colleagues.

Key words. Taxonomy, Systematics, Morphology, Adaptations, Catarrhines, Uganda, Early Miocene, Dentognathic, Maxillary sinus, Incisive foramen, Nasal aperture.

Foreword (Yves Coppens) p. 7
Preface (Loïc Ségalen) p. 8
Introduction p. 9
Geological and Geochronological Contexts p. 9
Abbreviations p. 10
Materials and methods p. 10
Inter-observer differences p. 11
Relationship between lengths of Upper and lower molar rows p. 13
The status of KNM SO 417 p. 14
Classification of the Napak anthropoids p. 16
Systematic descriptions p. 17
Superfamily Cercopithecoidea Gray, 1821 p. 17
Family Victoriapithecidae Von Koenigswald, 1969 p. 17
Genus Victoriapithecus Von Koenigswald, 1969 p. 17
Species Victoriapithecus sp. p. 17
Superfamily Dendropithecoidea, Harrison, 2002 p. 21
Family Dendropithecidae, Harrison, 2002 p. 21
Genus Dendropithecus Andrews & Simons, 1977 p. 21
Species Dendropithecus ugandensis Pickford et al. 2010 p. 22
Genus Micropithecus Fleagle & Simons, 1978 p. 28
Species Micropithecus clarki Fleagle & Simons, 1978 p. 29
Species Micropithecus clarki Fleagle & Simons, 1978 p. 48
Species Micropithecus leakeyorum Harrison, 1989a p. 48
Species Micropithecus chamtwaraensis nov. p. 48
Superfamily Proconsuloidea Leakey, 1963 p. 50
Genus Proconsul Hopwood, 1933a p. 50
Species Proconsul africanus Hopwood, 1933a p. 50
Genus Ugandapithecus Senut et al. 2000 p. 55
Species Ugandapithecus legetetensis Pickford et al. 2010 p. 55
Genus Karamojapithecus Pickford et al. 2010 p. 56
Species Karamojapithecus akisimia Pickford et al. 2010 p. 56
Genus Turkanapithecus Leakey & Leakey 1986b p. 62
Species Turkanapithecus rusingensis Pickford et al. 2010 p. 62
Species Turkanapithecus kalakolensis Leakey & Leakey, 1986b p. 62
Species Turkanapithecus rusingensis Pickford et al. 2010 p. 63
Genus Kalepithecus Harrison 1988 p. 63
Species Kalepithecus songhorensis (Andrews, 1978) p. 63
Superfamily Incertae sedis p. 75
Genus Limnopithecus Hopwood, 1933a p. 75
Species Limnopithecus legetet Hopwood, 1933a p. 75
Genus Lomorupithecus Rossie & MacLatchy, 2006 p. 80
Species Lomorupithecus evansi (MacInnes, 1943) p. 80
Genus Iriripithecus Pickford et al. 2010 p. 93
Species Iriripithecus alekileki Pickford et al. 2010 p. 93
Genus Incertae sedis p. 100
Species Incertae sedis p. 100
Metric analyses p. 103
General discussion p. 121
Conclusions p. 124
Acknowledgements p. 125
References p. 125
Annex: Comments on Simiolus minutus, a poorly known late middle Miocene
small catarrhine from Kenya (Martin PICKFORD and Brigitte SENUT) p. 129